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November 16,2021
Austin Kuan
New coronary pneumonia rages the world from 2020 to 2121, and by the end of 2020, various types of vaccines have been developed, particularly the Modena vaccines developed based on mRNA (messenger RNA) technology and jointly developed by Pfizer and BioNTec. The vaccine research and development team is a contender for the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (hereinafter referred to as the “Biomedicine Award”). However, the results announced on October 4, 2021, clearly disappointed the majority of people's predictions.
There are over 1 billion people on the planet, and Moderna or BNT vaccines have been used to vaccinate them by 2021. These two vaccines have not yet completed the third phase of clinical trials, but they have received emergency authorization (EUA) and are now available on the market. From the standpoint of the rigorous academic development process, it is impossible for the new crown pneumonia vaccine-related team to receive the Nobel Biomedical Award in 2021. To avoid repeating the serious error made in 1949, the review committee must be very cautious.
António Egas Moniz, a Portuguese neurosurgeon, received the Nobel Prize in Biomedicine in 1949. (1874-1955). The award was given for “discovering the therapeutic effect of prefrontal lobectomy on certain mental illnesses.” He used a drill to drill into the patient's brain from the upper eye socket and move it left and right to destroy the prefrontal lobe, which was used to treat many mental illnesses. Many people have been cured, but they have also become disabled. According to current medical wisdom, using such cruel and crude methods to destroy or remove the prefrontal lobe of the brain will almost certainly result in further serious brain nerve damage. However, this is due to the fact that those patients who were previously insane or manic have calmed down. Moniz rose to prominence as a physician and was awarded the Nobel Prize in biomedicine. This sparked outrage in the global medical community. Within a year, the major risks of this type of surgery were confirmed, and Moniz went from being a “famous doctor” to a “crazy doctor.” Everyone petitioned the Nobel Prize Review Committee to withdraw Moniz's award, but there had been no such practice in the past, so this major stain remained.
They've learned a lot from the Nobel Prize in Biomedicine since then. They try to avoid confirming popular medical achievements by observing for five years, ten years, or even longer, so that many medical achievements can be tested for a long enough period of time before deciding whether to award them. After all, the year 1949 was a travesty. Why should the Nobel Prize get involved when the entire biomedical industry is still unable to reach a conclusion about how the new coronary pneumonia vaccine's side effects will harm the human body?
On October 4, the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was announced, and some of the mysteries surrounding “pain” were revealed. American scholars David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were honored; the former was the first to discover the human body's perception of “external temperature stimuli,” and the latter was the first to discover the human body's “touch” feeling. These findings, in general, can be used to treat chronic pain and then to develop analgesics
Pain encompasses everything in our daily lives that has been addressed in physiology and medicine. To alleviate psychological pain, we will say things like “I don't want to live with pain” or “It hurts really badly.” When it comes to physical pain, many people simply do not want to live. Many people have experienced toothache, which can be excruciatingly painful and prevent you from thinking clearly. Many people have cancer, and they frequently require morphine injections to relieve their pain. Many patients would prefer to die if this were not the case. This demonstrates how inconvenient “pain” is.
The receptors was discovered by American scholar David Julius when the human body perceives external temperature stimuli. Simply put, where is the receptors when you are sunburned, burned by hot water, or frostbitten by ice and snow? How do the receptors convey heat and cold pain to the brain via the “ion channel”?
Julius is a physiology professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He began researching how the human body perceives temperature in the 1990s. As a result, the Nobel Review Committee has been keeping a close eye on his academic achievements for quite some time. Julius employs capsaicin extracted from peppers to identify skin nerve receptors that respond to “heat.” It is known as the "capsaicin receptor," and its scientific name is "TRPV1 protein." When the capsaicin receptor detects heat, it sends a message to the brain via the “ion channel,” and the brain sends out the sensory signal of heat and pain (https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/tag/% e7%96%bc%e7%97%9b.html). The sensations of hot and cold are ephemeral. Since the “hot” field has been addressed, the “cold” field must be addressed as well. As a result, the research team conducted stimulation experiments with menthol and discovered that the sensor can detect “cold,” the academic name for which is “TRPM8 protein.” As a result, as long as the “ion channel” that conveys hot or cold pain is closed, temperature-related pain can be resolved.
When take headache medicine, we are also shutting down the way the brain perceives pain. The Julius research team is dealing with temperature-related pain this time, and the areas are different. Because there is no painkiller that can alleviate all pain in the body, another award winner Patapoutian began with “feel” and discovered the human body's feel receptors for the first time, which is also particularly significant.
Patapoutian is a neuroscience professor at Scripps Research in California. He and his colleagues discovered the human body's touch and pressure receptors. The scientific name for this protein is “PIEZO protein.” The PIEZO protein is activated and reacts when the human body falls, is impaired, or is bumped by a foreign object. The human body is a complex sympathetic chain organism. When the PIEZO protein is activated, information is sent to the brain via the exclusive ion channel. Blood pressure and breathing rate will change, and the brain will send “tenderness” sensory signals. When this channel is cut off, the pain caused by the touch vanishes.
As the population ages, it is of enormous importance to address the physiological and medical issues of “body pain.” Too many elderly people have lost the will to live due to physical pain. Pain from various sources will inevitably accompany an aging body. Some are caused by inflammation within the body, while others are caused by the elderly constantly falling and making their feet difficult to move. Dealing with “pain” is a significant life event. Never treat it as if it were a trivial matter. Furthermore, as the division of labor in physiology and medicine has become more diversified, the field of pain has become more detailed. This year's Nobel Prize in Biomedicine honors two scholars for their pain research on “temperature” and “touch,” which is deserving of recognition.
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Biomedicine is actually dealing with a very serious issue in American society, the proliferation of painkillers in the country.
There are four major issues in American society: the wealth disparity, racial prejudice, the proliferation of firearms, and opioid addiction. The area where the Nobel Prize in Biomedicine can make a difference is clear: the American people need to be re-educated and classified for pain relief. Analgesics typically contain “opioid” ingredients that can be metabolized by the body when injected or taken on an as-needed basis to treat pain. However, if the frequency with which they are taken rapidly increases, addiction will develop. As a result, numerous analgesics are required. It is only available with a doctor's prescription. However, in the United States, once the body is in pain, many people rush to the doctor's office to get a prescription. People will be able to buy painkillers containing “opioids” if their doctor does not prescribe it. If you develop a purchase addiction and continue to develop it for a long time, you will die suddenly. In 2017, 70,200 people died in the United States as a result of drug abuse, with 68 percent of those deaths attributed to illegal or overdosed opioid drugs. The aforementioned phenomenon has not improved from 2018 to 2021, so there will be more fatalities. As a result, the development of more diverse painkillers that do not necessitate the addition of “opioid” ingredients has the potential to save many people from the dangers of drug addiction.
Finally, there are many scientists working on physical pain in humans, but what about psychological pain? On whom will the treatment be based? What Nobel can think of is establishing a literary prize to use literature to comfort lonely or traumatized hearts. It's time to talk about literary awards in the next article.